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Only Tether can freeze USDT in a wallet: it adds the address to the blacklist in the token contract, and transfers from it stop going through. The reason is almost always money that reached the address earlier: stolen, obtained by fraud or linked to a sanctions list. Below are all the reasons and a way to find yours.
Figures are FreezeCheck data: we read every blacklist event in the USDT contract. More: how many addresses Tether has frozen.
Tether freezes the address where the money sits at the moment of the request, not the person who stole it. A typical story: a P2P seller or an exchanger accepts USDT from a stranger and hands over cash. The buyer got that USDT from a phishing victim. A week later the victim files a report, the transfer is traced, and Tether freezes the address where the money stopped. The scammer has cashed out; the USDT is with the seller.
All USDT on the address is frozen, not only the disputed amount. TRX and other tokens on the same address stay usable.
Tether does not tell the owner the reason. It is usually visible on-chain: an incoming transfer from an address linked to theft, a scam, sanctions or another freeze. Send your address to @freezecheck_bot: the report shows where the money came from and which incoming transfers are flagged. That transfer and your proof of the deal behind it are the core of a request to Tether.
Check the sender's address before you hand over goods or cash. The FreezeCheck model is trained on real Tether freezes: on wallets frozen after training, the bot had already shown 🟡 or 🔴 in 82% of cases (blind test on October freezes).
There is always a reason, but the owner is not told. Under Tether's terms the company may freeze tokens when the law requires it or at its own discretion, and it does not have to warn the owner.
All USDT on the address. The blacklist works per address, not per amount. TRX and other tokens on that address keep moving.
A freeze proposal appears on-chain before the freeze itself: according to FreezeCheck data the median gap is 9.7 minutes, and in 30% of cases it is over an hour. It is more reliable to check the risk before a deal and to turn on “Watch” in the bot for your own addresses.
Only Tether decides. In a year it lifted the freeze on 731 TRON addresses; the median time from freeze to unfreeze was 44 days. There are no official deadlines.
See also: USDT frozen: what to do, Tether blacklist, will Tether freeze this wallet, who Tether freezes and who it doesn't.